In the 1870s, anti-Chinese violence erupted; white workers blamed Chinese laborers, whom employers paid considerably less. In the 1870s and 1880s, 153 anti-Chinese riots erupted throughout the American West.
Rat eating is a common stereotype imposed on the Chinese and their diet. Such a stereotype was employed in the NY Times in reference to Mott Street, one of Chinatown's most popular restaurant hotspots.
"Plain Language from Truthful James" is a narrative poem by American writer Bret Harte. It was originally published in September 1870 in the Overland Monthly.